Corona splashing triggered by a loose monolayer of particles

In nature, high-speed raindrops often impact and spread on particulate surfaces (e.g., soil, plant leaves with spores or pollen). We study the dynamics of droplet a loosely packed monolayer particles by combining experimental mathematical approaches. find that presence mobile lowers critical velocity at which exhibits corona splashing, as particle area fraction is systematically increased. rationalize this observation considering jamming frictional spreading rim. Elucidating splashing transition drop bed can lead to better understanding soil loss erosion from falling raindrops.